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English Grammar PDF : Tensen को Basic से पढ़े

Simple Present Tense


(A)– Affirmative: Sub. + V1/V5(s/es) + Obj.
Negative: Sub. + do/does + not + V1 + Obj.
Interrogative: Do/Does + Sub. + V1 + Obj. ?
Int. Negative: Do/Does + Sub. + not + V1 + Obj.?

(B) Sub. + is/am/are + Noun Phrase/Adjective

USE 1 :

Adverbials:

  • always, never, seldom generally, hardly, scarcely, rarely, occasionally, often, usually, frequently,  every day/week/year, daily, once /twice a day / a week/year, sometimes etc.

Examples:-

  • I play tennis.
  • She does not play tennis.
  • Does he play tennis?
  • Does he not play tennis?
  • She studies in this college.

USE 2 :

  • To express habits/regular actions:
  • ‘Simple Present Tense’ is used to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. (किसी भी आदतन क्रिया, रोज़ाना के कार्य व रीति रिवाज आदि के कार्यों को व्यक्त करने के लिए)

Examples :

  • The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.
  • When does the train usually leave?
  • He rarely speaks Hindi.
  • Generally, the shops open at 9.
  • She always forgets her purse.
  • He goes for a walk daily.
  • I take exercise in the morning regularly.

USE 3 :

  • To express general, permanent, scientific and universal truth:(सामान्य/स्थायी/वैज्ञानिक सत्य को व्यक्त करने के लिए)

Examples :

  • Cats like milk.
  • Windows are made of glass.
  • Jatin’s brother lives in Mumbai.
  • Water freezes at zero degrees.
  • Oil floats on water.
  • The sun rises in the east.
  • The earth revolves around the sun.
  • The Muslims bury their dead.
  • Light travels faster than sound.

USE 4 :

  • ‘Simple Present Tense’ is used to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well.(निकट भविष्य में घटित होने वाले पूर्व निर्धारित कार्यों को व्यक्त करने के लिए)

Examples :

  • The train leaves tonight at 6 PM.
  • The party starts at 8 o’clock.
  • The Prime Minister arrives in Jodhpur tomorrow.
  • The match starts at 9 o’clock tomorrow.

USE 5 :

  • To express proverbial sayings and quotations: (कहावतों और उद्धरणों को व्यक्त करने के लिए)

Examples :

  • Actions speak louder than words.
  • All that glitters is not gold.
  • A new broom sweeps clean.
  • Barking dogs seldom bite.
  • A bad workman always blames his tools.
  • Make hay while the sun shines.

USE 6 :

  • To express emotions and mental states:(भावनाओं व मानसिक स्थिति को व्यक्त करने के लिए)

Examples :

  • I hate beggars.
  • I understand your problem.

USE 7 :

  • To express live broadcast of sports or events: (खेल और घटनाओं के लाइव प्रसारण को व्यक्त करने के लिए)

Examples :-

  • Rohit  hits the ball nicely but  fielder catches it.
  • The Prime Minister hoists the tricolour.

USE 8 :

  • In conditional sentence (Possible condition): (सम्भावित शर्त वाले वाक्यों में)

Structure – If + Simple Present + Simple Future

Examples :

  • If you work hard, you will get good marks.
  • If he don’t invite me, I will not go there.

Note :

  • If the verb ends in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x or -o, add -es to the base form:
    eg. kiss – kisses, finish – finishes, watch – watches, mix – mixes, go – goes 
  • If the verb ends with consonant + y changes into ‘I’ and add ‘-es’:
    eg. study – studies, copy – copies,  try – tries, carry – carries

USE 9 :

  • In clauses of time :
  • Main clause + Time clause
  • Simple Future + when/after/before + Simple Present

Examples:

  • I will call you when dinner gets ready.
  • I will go abroad after I finish my studies.
  • She will see you before she leaves.

Present Continuous – English Grammar PDF : Tensen


Affirmative: Sub. + is/am/are + V1 + ing + Obj.
Negative: Sub. + is/am/are + not + V1 + ing + Obj.
Interrogative: Is/Am/Are + Sub. + V1 + ing + Obj.?
Int. Negative: Is/Am/Are + Sub. + not + V1 + ing + Obj.?

Adverbials:

  • at present, at this time, at this moment, now, now a days, right now, currently, presently these days etc.

USE 1 :

  • To express an action going on at the time of speaking: (बात करते समय हो रहे कार्य को व्यक्त करने के लिए)
  • Used with normal verbs to express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not happening now.

Examples :

  • We are learning English now.
  • They are not watching television.
  • Are you sleeping?
  • What are you doing?
  • Right now, I am waiting for you at the bus stop.
  • He is not attending his classes these days.
  • Why aren’t you doing your homework?
  • These days I am reading a novel of an eminent writer. 
  • At present I am teaching English.
  • What are you doing these days.
  • He is teaching in school now-a-days.

USE 2 :

  • To express planned action of the future :
  • This week, this evening, the weekend, this month, this Sunday/Monday etc.  (निकट भविष्य में होने वाले निर्धारित कार्यों को व्यक्त करने के लिए)

Examples :

  • My uncle is coming here next week.
  • Is he visiting his parents next weekend?
  • When is the movie releasing?
  • The movie is releasing this month.

USE 3 :

  • To express unfavourable habits:(नापसंद आदतों को व्यक्त करने के लिए जो बार-बार की जाती है।)

Examples :

  • She is always coming to class late.
  • He is constantly talking.
  • I don’t like them because they are always complaining.
  • He is always getting up late in the morning.

USE 4 :

  • Gradually changing or developing situations:(धीरे-धीरे लगातार होने वाले परिवर्तनों को दर्शाने के लिए)

Examples :

  • Your English is getting better.
  • It is getting darker.
  • The weather is getting warmer.
  • The Universe is expanding.

(A) Non-Continuous Verbs :

  • Non-continuous verbs or state verbs are verbs that we can’t use in continuous form.  Instead of using ‘Present Continuous’ with these verbs, we must use ‘Simple Present’.
  • believe, dislike, doubt, imagine, know, like, love, hate, prefer, realize, recognize, remember, suppose, understand, want, wish etc.
  • appear, hear, see, seem, smell, sound, taste  etc.

Examples :

  • She is disliking that boy.  (Incorrect)
  • She dislikes that boy.  (Correct)
  • Jack is preferring going out for dinner tonight. (Incorrect)
  • Jack prefers going out for dinner tonight.  (Correct)
  • I’m recognizing you. (Incorrect)
  • I recognize you. (Correct)
  • It is smelling bad. (Incorrect)
  • It smells bad. (correct)
  • She is appearing a nice enough person. (Incorrect)
  • She appears a nice enough person. (Correct)

(B) Other Verbs :

  • agree, astonish, deny, disagree, impress, mean, please, promise, satisfy, surprise, be, belong, concern, consist, contain, cost, depend, deserve, fit, include, involve, matter, need, owe, own, possess etc.

Examples :

  • It is involving a lot of work.         (Incorrect)
  • It involves a lot of work.              (Correct)
  • It isn’t mattering.                         (Incorrect)
  • It doesn’t matter.                         (Correct)
  • I am disagreeing with you.          (Incorrect)
  • I disagree with you.                     (Correct)

Note: There are also a number of verbs that don’t take the continuous forms in one meaning but take the continuous forms in other meanings. Here are some of the most important.

(C) Non-Continuous Meanings :

  • feel = ‘have an opinion’
    He feels he should get a second chance.
  • see = ‘understand’
    I see what you mean.
  • think = ‘have an opinion’
    I think we should leave immediately.
  • appear = ‘look like’
    That appears to be strange.
  • look = ‘seem’
    It looks impossible!
  • taste = ‘have a taste’
    That tastes yummy!

(D) Continuous Meanings :

  • feel = ‘feel physically’
    I’m feeling awful this afternoon.
  • see = ‘visit’
    She’s seeing a doctor this morning.
  • think = ‘use the brain’
    He is thinking hard about the problem.
  • appear = ‘be on stage / perform’
    Asha Bhosle is appearing at the concert tonight.
  • look = ‘stare at’
    I’m looking at that strange man.
  • taste = ‘use the mouth’
    The cook is tasting the sauce!

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अंतिम शब्द –

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